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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton:
- "panic: sys_info: Refactor and fix a potential issue" (Andy Shevchenko)
fixes a build issue and does some cleanup in ib/sys_info.c
- "Implement mul_u64_u64_div_u64_roundup()" (David Laight)
enhances the 64-bit math code on behalf of a PWM driver and beefs up
the test module for these library functions
- "scripts/gdb/symbols: make BPF debug info available to GDB" (Ilya Leoshkevich)
makes BPF symbol names, sizes, and line numbers available to the GDB
debugger
- "Enable hung_task and lockup cases to dump system info on demand" (Feng Tang)
adds a sysctl which can be used to cause additional info dumping when
the hung-task and lockup detectors fire
- "lib/base64: add generic encoder/decoder, migrate users" (Kuan-Wei Chiu)
adds a general base64 encoder/decoder to lib/ and migrates several
users away from their private implementations
- "rbree: inline rb_first() and rb_last()" (Eric Dumazet)
makes TCP a little faster
- "liveupdate: Rework KHO for in-kernel users" (Pasha Tatashin)
reworks the KEXEC Handover interfaces in preparation for Live Update
Orchestrator (LUO), and possibly for other future clients
- "kho: simplify state machine and enable dynamic updates" (Pasha Tatashin)
increases the flexibility of KEXEC Handover. Also preparation for LUO
- "Live Update Orchestrator" (Pasha Tatashin)
is a major new feature targeted at cloud environments. Quoting the
cover letter:
This series introduces the Live Update Orchestrator, a kernel
subsystem designed to facilitate live kernel updates using a
kexec-based reboot. This capability is critical for cloud
environments, allowing hypervisors to be updated with minimal
downtime for running virtual machines. LUO achieves this by
preserving the state of selected resources, such as memory,
devices and their dependencies, across the kernel transition.
As a key feature, this series includes support for preserving
memfd file descriptors, which allows critical in-memory data, such
as guest RAM or any other large memory region, to be maintained in
RAM across the kexec reboot.
Mike Rappaport merits a mention here, for his extensive review and
testing work.
- "kexec: reorganize kexec and kdump sysfs" (Sourabh Jain)
moves the kexec and kdump sysfs entries from /sys/kernel/ to
/sys/kernel/kexec/ and adds back-compatibility symlinks which can
hopefully be removed one day
- "kho: fixes for vmalloc restoration" (Mike Rapoport)
fixes a BUG which was being hit during KHO restoration of vmalloc()
regions
* tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-12-06-11-14' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (139 commits)
calibrate: update header inclusion
Reinstate "resource: avoid unnecessary lookups in find_next_iomem_res()"
vmcoreinfo: track and log recoverable hardware errors
kho: fix restoring of contiguous ranges of order-0 pages
kho: kho_restore_vmalloc: fix initialization of pages array
MAINTAINERS: TPM DEVICE DRIVER: update the W-tag
init: replace simple_strtoul with kstrtoul to improve lpj_setup
KHO: fix boot failure due to kmemleak access to non-PRESENT pages
Documentation/ABI: new kexec and kdump sysfs interface
Documentation/ABI: mark old kexec sysfs deprecated
kexec: move sysfs entries to /sys/kernel/kexec
test_kho: always print restore status
kho: free chunks using free_page() instead of kfree()
selftests/liveupdate: add kexec test for multiple and empty sessions
selftests/liveupdate: add simple kexec-based selftest for LUO
selftests/liveupdate: add userspace API selftests
docs: add documentation for memfd preservation via LUO
mm: memfd_luo: allow preserving memfd
liveupdate: luo_file: add private argument to store runtime state
mm: shmem: export some functions to internal.h
...
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This follow-up patch completes centralization of kselftest.h and
ksefltest_harness.h includes in remaining seltests files, replacing all
relative paths with a non-relative paths using shared -I include path in
lib.mk
Tested with gcc-13.3 and clang-18.1, and cross-compiled successfully on
riscv, arm64, x86_64 and powerpc arch.
[reddybalavignesh9979@gmail.com: add selftests include path for kselftest.h]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251017090201.317521-1-reddybalavignesh9979@gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251016104409.68985-1-reddybalavignesh9979@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Bala-Vignesh-Reddy <reddybalavignesh9979@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20250820143954.33d95635e504e94df01930d0@linux-foundation.org/
Reviewed-by: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Günther Noack <gnoack@google.com>
Cc: Jakub Kacinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mickael Salaun <mic@digikod.net>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Include the new defines and members.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251028-work-coredump-signal-v1-9-ca449b7b7aa0@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Alexander Mikhalitsyn <aleksandr.mikhalitsyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest
Pull kselftest updates from Shuah Khan:
- Fixes:
- false failure of subsystem event test
- glob filter test to use mutex_unlock() instead of mutex_trylock()
- several spelling errors in tests
- test_kexec_jump build errors
- pidfd test duplicate-symbol warnings for SCHED_ CPP symbols
- Add a reliable check for suspend to breakpoints suspend test
- Improvements to ipc test
* tag 'linux_kselftest-next-6.17-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest:
selftests/pidfd: Fix duplicate-symbol warnings for SCHED_ CPP symbols
selftests/tracing: Fix false failure of subsystem event test
selftests/kexec: fix test_kexec_jump build
selftests: breakpoints: use suspend_stats to reliably check suspend success
selftests: tracing: Use mutex_unlock for testing glob filter
selftests: print installation complete message
selftests/ptrace: Fix spelling mistake "multible" -> "multiple"
selftests: ipc: Replace fail print statements with ksft_test_result_fail
selftests: Add version file to kselftest installation dir
selftests/cpu-hotplug: fix typo in hotplaggable_offline_cpus function name
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The pidfd selftests run in userspace and include both userspace and kernel
header files. On some distros (for example, CentOS), this results in
duplicate-symbol warnings in allmodconfig builds, while on other distros
(for example, Ubuntu) it does not.
Therefore, use #undef to get rid of the userspace definitions in favor
of the kernel definitions.
Other ways of handling this include splitting up the selftest code so
that the userspace definitions go into one translation unit and the
kernel definitions into another (which might or might not be feasible)
or to adjust compiler command-line options to suppress the warnings
(which might or might not be desirable).
[ paulmck: Apply Shuah Khan feedback. ]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/cc7e4fe7-299f-4bf3-af46-df6551d61997@paulmck-laptop
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Cc: <linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
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Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20250624-work-pidfs-fhandle-v2-11-d02a04858fe3@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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Don't jump somewhere into the middle of the reserved range. We're still
able to change that value it won't be that widely used yet. If not, we
can revert.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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Add PIDFD_INFO_COREDUMP infrastructure so we can use it in tests.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20250516-work-coredump-socket-v8-8-664f3caf2516@kernel.org
Acked-by: Luca Boccassi <luca.boccassi@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Mikhalitsyn <aleksandr.mikhalitsyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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I had to spend some (a lot;) time to understand why pidfd_info_test
(and more) fails with my patch under qemu on my machine ;) Until I
applied the patch below.
I think it is a bad idea to do the things like
#ifndef __NR_clone3
#define __NR_clone3 -1
#endif
because this can hide a problem. My working laptop runs Fedora-23 which
doesn't have __NR_clone3/etc in /usr/include/. So "make" happily succeeds,
but everything fails and it is not clear why.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250323174518.GB834@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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Add a selftest for PIDFD_INFO_EXIT behavior.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250305-work-pidfs-kill_on_last_close-v3-16-c8c3d8361705@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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Add a selftest for PIDFD_INFO_EXIT behavior.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250305-work-pidfs-kill_on_last_close-v3-15-c8c3d8361705@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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Add a selftest for PIDFD_INFO_EXIT behavior.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250305-work-pidfs-kill_on_last_close-v3-10-c8c3d8361705@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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Move more infrastructure to the pidfd header.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250305-work-pidfs-kill_on_last_close-v3-9-c8c3d8361705@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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They will be needed in selftests in follow-up patches.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs
Pull vfs mount updates from Christian Brauner:
- Add a mountinfo program to demonstrate statmount()/listmount()
Add a new "mountinfo" sample userland program that demonstrates how
to use statmount() and listmount() to get at the same info that
/proc/pid/mountinfo provides
- Remove pointless nospec.h include
- Prepend statmount.mnt_opts string with security_sb_mnt_opts()
Currently these mount options aren't accessible via statmount()
- Add new mount namespaces to mount namespace rbtree outside of the
namespace semaphore
- Lockless mount namespace lookup
Currently we take the read lock when looking for a mount namespace to
list mounts in. We can make this lockless. The simple search case can
just use a sequence counter to detect concurrent changes to the
rbtree
For walking the list of mount namespaces sequentially via nsfs we
keep a separate rcu list as rb_prev() and rb_next() aren't usable
safely with rcu. Currently there is no primitive for retrieving the
previous list member. To do this we need a new deletion primitive
that doesn't poison the prev pointer and a corresponding retrieval
helper
Since creating mount namespaces is a relatively rare event compared
with querying mounts in a foreign mount namespace this is worth it.
Once libmount and systemd pick up this mechanism to list mounts in
foreign mount namespaces this will be used very frequently
- Add extended selftests for lockless mount namespace iteration
- Add a sample program to list all mounts on the system, i.e., in
all mount namespaces
- Improve mount namespace iteration performance
Make finding the last or first mount to start iterating the mount
namespace from an O(1) operation and add selftests for iterating the
mount table starting from the first and last mount
- Use an xarray for the old mount id
While the ida does use the xarray internally we can use it explicitly
which allows us to increment the unique mount id under the xa lock.
This allows us to remove the atomic as we're now allocating both ids
in one go
- Use a shared header for vfs sample programs
- Fix build warnings for new sample program to list all mounts
* tag 'vfs-6.14-rc1.mount.v2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs:
samples/vfs: fix build warnings
samples/vfs: use shared header
samples/vfs/mountinfo: Use __u64 instead of uint64_t
fs: remove useless lockdep assertion
fs: use xarray for old mount id
selftests: add listmount() iteration tests
fs: cache first and last mount
samples: add test-list-all-mounts
selftests: remove unneeded include
selftests: add tests for mntns iteration
seltests: move nsfs into filesystems subfolder
fs: simplify rwlock to spinlock
fs: lockless mntns lookup for nsfs
rculist: add list_bidir_{del,prev}_rcu()
fs: lockless mntns rbtree lookup
fs: add mount namespace to rbtree late
fs: prepend statmount.mnt_opts string with security_sb_mnt_opts()
mount: remove inlude/nospec.h include
samples: add a mountinfo program to demonstrate statmount()/listmount()
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The pidfd header will be included in a sample program and this pulls in
all the mount definitions that would be causing problems.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241213-work-mount-rbtree-lockless-v3-9-6e3cdaf9b280@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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Add selftests for pidfs file handles.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241202-imstande-einsicht-d78753e1c632@brauner
Reviewed-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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An output message:
> # # waitpid WEXITSTATUS=0
will be printed for 30,000+ times in the `pidfd_test` selftest, which
does not seem ideal. This patch removes the print logic in the
`wait_for_pid` function, so each call to this function does not output
a line by default. Any existing call sites where the extra line might
be beneficial have been modified to include extra print statements
outside of the function calls.
Signed-off-by: Ziqi Zhao <astrajoan@yahoo.com>
Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
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When running the pidfd_fdinfo_test on arm64, it fails for me. After some
digging, the reason is that the child exits due to SIGBUS, because it
overflows the 1024 byte stack we've reserved for it.
To fix the issue, increase the stack size to 8192 bytes (this number is
somewhat arbitrary, and was arrived at through experimentation -- I kept
doubling until the failure no longer occurred).
Also, let's make the issue easier to debug. wait_for_pid() returns an
ambiguous value: it may return -1 in all of these cases:
1. waitpid() itself returned -1
2. waitpid() returned success, but we found !WIFEXITED(status).
3. The child process exited, but it did so with a -1 exit code.
There's no way for the caller to tell the difference. So, at least log
which occurred, so the test runner can debug things.
While debugging this, I found that we had !WIFEXITED(), because the
child exited due to a signal. This seems like a reasonably common case,
so also print out whether or not we have WIFSIGNALED(), and the
associated WTERMSIG() (if any). This lets us see the SIGBUS I'm fixing
clearly when it occurs.
Finally, I'm suspicious of allocating the child's stack on our stack.
man clone(2) suggests that the correct way to do this is with mmap(),
and in particular by setting MAP_STACK. So, switch to doing it that way
instead.
Signed-off-by: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com>
Acked-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
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Verify that the PIDFD_NONBLOCK flag works with pidfd_open() and that
waitid() with a non-blocking pidfd returns EAGAIN:
TAP version 13
1..3
# Starting 3 tests from 1 test cases.
# RUN global.wait_simple ...
# OK global.wait_simple
ok 1 global.wait_simple
# RUN global.wait_states ...
# OK global.wait_states
ok 2 global.wait_states
# RUN global.wait_nonblock ...
# OK global.wait_nonblock
ok 3 global.wait_nonblock
# PASSED: 3 / 3 tests passed.
# Totals: pass:3 fail:0 xfail:0 xpass:0 skip:0 error:0
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200902102130.147672-5-christian.brauner@ubuntu.com
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Now that pidfds support CLONE_NEWTIME as well enable testing them in the
setns() testuite.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Safonov <dima@arista.com>
Cc: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200706154912.3248030-5-christian.brauner@ubuntu.com
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Verify that setns() reports EINVAL when an fd is passed that refers to an
open file but the file is not a file descriptor useable to interact with
namespaces.
Cc: Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com>
Cc: Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200615085836.GR12456@shao2-debian
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
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We recently regressed (cf. [1] and its corresponding fix in [2]) returning
ENOMEM when trying to create a process in a pid namespace whose init
process/child subreaper has already died. This has caused confusion at
least once before that (cf. [3]). Let's add a simple regression test to
catch this in the future.
[1]: 49cb2fc42ce4 ("fork: extend clone3() to support setting a PID")
[2]: b26ebfe12f34 ("pid: Fix error return value in some cases")
[3]: 35f71bc0a09a ("fork: report pid reservation failure properly")
Cc: Corey Minyard <cminyard@mvista.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Adrian Reber <areber@redhat.com>
Cc: Dmitry Safonov <0x7f454c46@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
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The following tests:
* Fetch FD, and then compare via kcmp
* Make sure getfd can be blocked by blocking ptrace_may_access
* Making sure fetching bad FDs fails
* Make sure trying to set flags to non-zero results in an EINVAL
Signed-off-by: Sargun Dhillon <sargun@sargun.me>
Acked-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200107175927.4558-5-sargun@sargun.me
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
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Move definitions and functions used across different pidfd tests into
pidfd.h header.
Signed-off-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner <christian@brauner.io>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20190726162226.252750-1-surenb@google.com
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
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Add tests for pidfd_wait() and CLONE_WAIT_PID:
- test that waitid(P_PIDFD) fails on /proc/<pid>
- test that waitid(P_PIDFD) fails on /dev/null
- test that waitid(P_PIDFD) can wait on a pidfd
- test that waitid(P_PIDFD) can wait on a pidfd and return siginfo_t
- test that waitid(P_PIDFD) works with WEXITED
- test that waitid(P_PIDFD) works with WSTOPPED
- test that waitid(P_PIDFD) works with WUNTRACED
- test that waitid(P_PIDFD) works with WCONTINUED
- test that waitid(P_PIDFD) works with WNOWAIT
- test that waitid(P_PIDFD)works with WNOHANG
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirsky <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20190727222229.6516-3-christian@brauner.io
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This adds testing for the new pidfd_open() syscalls. Specifically, we test:
- that no invalid flags can be passed to pidfd_open()
- that no invalid pid can be passed to pidfd_open()
- that a pidfd can be retrieved with pidfd_open()
- that the retrieved pidfd references the correct pid
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian@brauner.io>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: "Michael Kerrisk (man-pages)" <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirsky <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: linux-api@vger.kernel.org
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