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nr_dying_descendants
Replace the manual sleep-and-retry logic in test_kmem_dead_cgroups()
with the new helper `cg_read_key_long_poll()`. This change improves
the robustness of the test by polling the "nr_dying_descendants"
counter in `cgroup.stat` until it reaches 0 or the timeout is exceeded.
Additionally, increase the retry timeout to 8 seconds (from 5 seconds)
based on testing results:
- With 5-second timeout: 4/20 runs passed.
- With 8-second timeout: 20/20 runs passed.
The 8 second timeout is based on stress testing of test_kmem_dead_cgroups()
under load: 5 seconds was occasionally not enough for reclaim of dying
descendants to complete, whereas 8 seconds consistently covered the observed
latencies. This value is intended as a generous upper bound for the
asynchronous reclaim and is not tied to any specific kernel constant, so it
can be adjusted in the future if reclaim behavior changes.
Signed-off-by: Guopeng Zhang <zhangguopeng@kylinos.cn>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
Acked-by: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton:
- "panic: sys_info: Refactor and fix a potential issue" (Andy Shevchenko)
fixes a build issue and does some cleanup in ib/sys_info.c
- "Implement mul_u64_u64_div_u64_roundup()" (David Laight)
enhances the 64-bit math code on behalf of a PWM driver and beefs up
the test module for these library functions
- "scripts/gdb/symbols: make BPF debug info available to GDB" (Ilya Leoshkevich)
makes BPF symbol names, sizes, and line numbers available to the GDB
debugger
- "Enable hung_task and lockup cases to dump system info on demand" (Feng Tang)
adds a sysctl which can be used to cause additional info dumping when
the hung-task and lockup detectors fire
- "lib/base64: add generic encoder/decoder, migrate users" (Kuan-Wei Chiu)
adds a general base64 encoder/decoder to lib/ and migrates several
users away from their private implementations
- "rbree: inline rb_first() and rb_last()" (Eric Dumazet)
makes TCP a little faster
- "liveupdate: Rework KHO for in-kernel users" (Pasha Tatashin)
reworks the KEXEC Handover interfaces in preparation for Live Update
Orchestrator (LUO), and possibly for other future clients
- "kho: simplify state machine and enable dynamic updates" (Pasha Tatashin)
increases the flexibility of KEXEC Handover. Also preparation for LUO
- "Live Update Orchestrator" (Pasha Tatashin)
is a major new feature targeted at cloud environments. Quoting the
cover letter:
This series introduces the Live Update Orchestrator, a kernel
subsystem designed to facilitate live kernel updates using a
kexec-based reboot. This capability is critical for cloud
environments, allowing hypervisors to be updated with minimal
downtime for running virtual machines. LUO achieves this by
preserving the state of selected resources, such as memory,
devices and their dependencies, across the kernel transition.
As a key feature, this series includes support for preserving
memfd file descriptors, which allows critical in-memory data, such
as guest RAM or any other large memory region, to be maintained in
RAM across the kexec reboot.
Mike Rappaport merits a mention here, for his extensive review and
testing work.
- "kexec: reorganize kexec and kdump sysfs" (Sourabh Jain)
moves the kexec and kdump sysfs entries from /sys/kernel/ to
/sys/kernel/kexec/ and adds back-compatibility symlinks which can
hopefully be removed one day
- "kho: fixes for vmalloc restoration" (Mike Rapoport)
fixes a BUG which was being hit during KHO restoration of vmalloc()
regions
* tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-12-06-11-14' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (139 commits)
calibrate: update header inclusion
Reinstate "resource: avoid unnecessary lookups in find_next_iomem_res()"
vmcoreinfo: track and log recoverable hardware errors
kho: fix restoring of contiguous ranges of order-0 pages
kho: kho_restore_vmalloc: fix initialization of pages array
MAINTAINERS: TPM DEVICE DRIVER: update the W-tag
init: replace simple_strtoul with kstrtoul to improve lpj_setup
KHO: fix boot failure due to kmemleak access to non-PRESENT pages
Documentation/ABI: new kexec and kdump sysfs interface
Documentation/ABI: mark old kexec sysfs deprecated
kexec: move sysfs entries to /sys/kernel/kexec
test_kho: always print restore status
kho: free chunks using free_page() instead of kfree()
selftests/liveupdate: add kexec test for multiple and empty sessions
selftests/liveupdate: add simple kexec-based selftest for LUO
selftests/liveupdate: add userspace API selftests
docs: add documentation for memfd preservation via LUO
mm: memfd_luo: allow preserving memfd
liveupdate: luo_file: add private argument to store runtime state
mm: shmem: export some functions to internal.h
...
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This follow-up patch completes centralization of kselftest.h and
ksefltest_harness.h includes in remaining seltests files, replacing all
relative paths with a non-relative paths using shared -I include path in
lib.mk
Tested with gcc-13.3 and clang-18.1, and cross-compiled successfully on
riscv, arm64, x86_64 and powerpc arch.
[reddybalavignesh9979@gmail.com: add selftests include path for kselftest.h]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251017090201.317521-1-reddybalavignesh9979@gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251016104409.68985-1-reddybalavignesh9979@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Bala-Vignesh-Reddy <reddybalavignesh9979@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20250820143954.33d95635e504e94df01930d0@linux-foundation.org/
Reviewed-by: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Günther Noack <gnoack@google.com>
Cc: Jakub Kacinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mickael Salaun <mic@digikod.net>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Conform the layout, informational and status messages to KTAP. No
functional change is intended other than the layout of output messages.
Signed-off-by: Guopeng Zhang <zhangguopeng@kylinos.cn>
Suggested-by: Sebastian Chlad <sebastian.chlad@suse.com>
Acked-by: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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The test_kmem_dead_cgroups test currently assumes that RCU and
memory reclaim will complete within 5 seconds. In some environments
this timeout may be insufficient, leading to spurious test failures.
This patch introduces max_time set to 20 which is then used in the
test. After 5th sec the debug message is printed to indicate the
cleanup is still ongoing.
In the system under test with 16 CPUs the original test was failing
most of the time and the cleanup time took usually approx. 6sec.
Further tests were conducted with and without do_rcu_barrier and the
results (respectively) are as follow:
quantiles 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
1 2 3 8 20 (mean = 4.7667)
3 5 8 8 20 (mean = 7.6667)
Acked-by: Michal Koutny <mkoutny@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Chlad <sebastian.chlad@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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This reverts commit c1457d9aad5ee2feafcf85aa9a58ab50500159d2.
The framework change to add D_GNU_SOURCE to KHDR_INCLUDES
to Makefile, lib.mk, and kselftest_harness.h is reverted
as it is causing build failures and warnings.
Revert this change as this change depends on the framework
change.
Reported-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
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_GNU_SOURCE is provided by lib.mk, so it should be dropped to prevent
redefinition warnings.
Signed-off-by: Edward Liaw <edliaw@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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First of all, in order to build with clang at all, one must first apply
Valentin Obst's build fix for LLVM [1]. Once that is done, then when
building with clang, via:
make LLVM=1 -C tools/testing/selftests
...clang is pickier than gcc, about which version of abs(3) to call,
depending on the argument type:
int abs(int j);
long labs(long j);
long long llabs(long long j);
...and this is causing both build failures and warnings, when running:
make LLVM=1 -C tools/testing/selftests
Fix this by calling labs() in value_close(), because the arguments are
unambiguously "long" type.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240329-selftests-libmk-llvm-rfc-v1-1-2f9ed7d1c49f@valentinobst.de/
Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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without nsdelegate
The test case test_cgcore_lesser_ns_open only tasks effect when cgroup2
is mounted with "nsdelegate" mount option. If it misses this option, or
is remounted without "nsdelegate", the test case will fail. For example,
running bpf/test_cgroup_storage first, and then run cgroup/test_core will
fail on test_cgcore_lesser_ns_open. Skip it if "nsdelegate" is not
detected in cgroup2 mount options.
Fixes: bf35a7879f1d ("selftests: cgroup: Test open-time cgroup namespace usage for migration checks")
Signed-off-by: Tianchen Ding <dtcccc@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Muhammad Usama Anjum <usama.anjum@collabora.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Currently, not all kernel memory usage is being accounted for. This
commit switches to using the kernel entry within memory.stat which
already includes kernel_stack, pagetables, and slab. The kernel entry
also includes vmalloc and other additional kernel memory use cases which
were missing.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/bvrhe2tpsts2azaroq4ubp2slawmop6orndsswrewuscw3ugvk@kmemmrttsnc7
Signed-off-by: Lucas Karpinski <lkarpins@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Zefan Li <lizefan.x@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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test_kmem_basic creates 100,000 negative dentries, with each one mapping
to a slab object. After memory.high is set, these are reclaimed through
the shrink_slab function call which reclaims all 100,000 entries. The
test passes the majority of the time because when slab1 or current is
calculated, it is often above 0, however, 0 is also an acceptable value.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/7d6gcuyzdjcice6qbphrmpmv5skr5jtglg375unnjxqhstvhxc@qkn6dw6bao6v
Signed-off-by: Lucas Karpinski <lkarpins@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Zefan Li <lizefan.x@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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This test fails routinely in our prod testing environment, and I can
reproduce it locally as well.
The test allocates dcache inside a cgroup, then drops the memory limit
and checks that usage drops correspondingly. The reason it fails is
because dentries are freed with an RCU delay - a debugging sleep shows
that usage drops as expected shortly after.
Insert a 1s sleep after dropping the limit. This should be good
enough, assuming that machines running those tests are otherwise not
very busy.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230801135632.1768830-1-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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1813e51eece0 ("memcg: increase MEMCG_CHARGE_BATCH to 64") has changed
the batch size while this test case has been left behind. This has led
to a test failure reported by test bot:
not ok 2 selftests: cgroup: test_kmem # exit=1
Update the tolerance for the pcp charges to reflect the
MEMCG_CHARGE_BATCH change to fix this.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: update comments, per Roman]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/Y4m8Unt6FhWKC6IH@dhcp22.suse.cz
Fixes: 1813e51eece0a ("memcg: increase MEMCG_CHARGE_BATCH to 64")
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: kernel test robot <yujie.liu@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202212010958.c1053bd3-yujie.liu@intel.com
Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Tested-by: Yujie Liu <yujie.liu@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: "Michal Koutný" <mkoutny@suse.com>
Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: Soheil Hassas Yeganeh <soheil@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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With memcg having switched to rstat, memory.stat output is precise.
Update the cgroup selftest to reflect the expectations and error
tolerances of the new implementation.
Also add newly tracked types of memory to the memory.stat side of the
equation, since they're included in memory.current and could throw false
positives.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210209163304.77088-9-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Add a simple test to check the percpu memory accounting. The test creates
a cgroup tree with 1000 child cgroups and checks values of memory.current
and memory.stat::percpu.
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tobin C. Harding <tobin@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Cc: Bixuan Cui <cuibixuan@huawei.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200608230819.832349-6-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Add some tests to cover the kernel memory accounting functionality. These
are covering some issues (and changes) we had recently.
1) A test which allocates a lot of negative dentries, checks memcg slab
statistics, creates memory pressure by setting memory.max to some low
value and checks that some number of slabs was reclaimed.
2) A test which covers side effects of memcg destruction: it creates
and destroys a large number of sub-cgroups, each containing a
multi-threaded workload which allocates and releases some kernel
memory. Then it checks that the charge ans memory.stats do add up on
the parent level.
3) A test which reads /proc/kpagecgroup and implicitly checks that it
doesn't crash the system.
4) A test which spawns a large number of threads and checks that the
kernel stacks accounting works as expected.
5) A test which checks that living charged slab objects are not
preventing the memory cgroup from being released after being deleted by
a user.
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200623174037.3951353-19-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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