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nd avoiding it is trivial here. tj: Updated description. Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> 2014-06-04kthread: fix return value of kthread_create() upon SIGKILL.Tetsuo Handa Commit 786235eeba0e ("kthread: make kthread_create() killable") meant for allowing kthread_create() to abort as soon as killed by the OOM-killer. But returning -ENOMEM is wrong if killed by SIGKILL from userspace. Change kthread_create() to return -EINTR upon SIGKILL. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.13+] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> 2014-04-03kthread: ensure locality of task_struct allocationsNishanth Aravamudan In the presence of memoryless nodes, numa_node_id() will return the current CPU's NUMA node, but that may not be where we expect to allocate from memory from. Instead, we should rely on the fallback code in the memory allocator itself, by using NUMA_NO_NODE. Also, when calling kthread_create_on_node(), use the nearest node with memory to the cpu in question, rather than the node it is running on. Signed-off-by: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Ben Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> 2013-11-13kthread: make kthread_create() killableTetsuo Handa Any user process callers of wait_for_completion() except global init process might be chosen by the OOM killer while waiting for completion() call by some other process which does memory allocation. See CVE-2012-4398 "kernel: request_module() OOM local DoS" can happen. When such users are chosen by the OOM killer when they are waiting for completion() in TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, the system will be kept stressed due to memory starvation because the OOM killer cannot kill such users. kthread_create() is one of such users and this patch fixes the problem for kthreadd by making kthread_create() killable - the same approach used for fixing CVE-2012-4398. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> 2013-04-30kthread: implement probe_kthread_data()Tejun Heo One of the problems that arise when converting dedicated custom threadpool to workqueue is that the shared worker pool used by workqueue anonimizes each worker making it more difficult to identify what the worker was doing on which target from the output of sysrq-t or debug dump from oops, BUG() and friends. For example, after writeback is converted to use workqueue instead of priviate thread pool, there's no easy to tell which backing device a writeback work item was working on at the time of task dump, which, according to our writeback brethren, is important in tracking down issues with a lot of mounted file systems on a lot of different devices. This patchset implements a way for a work function to mark its execution instance so that task dump of the worker task includes information to indicate what the work item was doing. An example WARN dump would look like the following. WARNING: at fs/fs-writeback.c:1015 bdi_writeback_workfn+0x2b4/0x3c0() Modules linked in: CPU: 0 Pid: 28 Comm: kworker/u18:0 Not tainted 3.9.0-rc1-work+ #24 Hardware name: empty empty/S3992, BIOS 080011 10/26/2007 Workqueue: writeback bdi_writeback_workfn (flush-8:16) ffffffff820a3a98 ffff88015b927cb8 ffffffff81c61855 ffff88015b927cf8 ffffffff8108f500 0000000000000000 ffff88007a171948 ffff88007a1716b0 ffff88015b49df00 ffff88015b8d3940 0000000000000000 ffff88015b927d08 Call Trace: [<ffffffff81c61855>] dump_stack+0x19/0x1b [<ffffffff8108f500>] warn_slowpath_common+0x70/0xa0 ... This patch: Implement probe_kthread_data() which returns kthread_data if accessible. The function is equivalent to kthread_data() except that the specified @task may not be a kthread or its vfork_done is already cleared rendering struct kthread inaccessible. In the former case, probe_kthread_data() may return any value. In the latter, NULL. This will be used to safely print debug information without affecting synchronization in the normal paths. Workqueue debug info printing on dump_stack() and friends will make use of it. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> 2013-04-29Merge branch 'for-3.10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wqLinus Torvalds Pull workqueue updates from Tejun Heo: "A lot of activities on workqueue side this time. The changes achieve the followings. - WQ_UNBOUND workqueues - the workqueues which are per-cpu - are updated to be able to interface with multiple backend worker pools. This involved a lot of churning but the end result seems actually neater as unbound workqueues are now a lot closer to per-cpu ones. - The ability to interface with multiple backend worker pools are used to implement unbound workqueues with custom attributes. Currently the supported attributes are the nice level and CPU affinity. It may be expanded to include cgroup association in future. The attributes can be specified either by calling apply_workqueue_attrs() or through /sys/bus/workqueue/WQ_NAME/* if the workqueue in question is exported through sysfs. The backend worker pools are keyed by the actual attributes and shared by any workqueues which share the same attributes. When attributes of a workqueue are changed, the workqueue binds to the worker pool with the specified attributes while leaving the work items which are already executing in its previous worker pools alone. This allows converting custom worker pool implementations which want worker attribute tuning to use workqueues. The writeback pool is already converted in block tree and there are a couple others are likely to follow including btrfs io workers. - WQ_UNBOUND's ability to bind to multiple worker pools is also used to make it NUMA-aware. Because there's no association between work item issuer and the specific worker assigned to execute it, before this change, using unbound workqueue led to unnecessary cross-node bouncing and it couldn't be helped by autonuma as it requires tasks to have implicit node affinity and workers are assigned randomly. After these changes, an unbound workqueue now binds to multiple NUMA-affine worker pools so that queued work items are executed in the same node. This is turned on by default but can be disabled system-wide or for individual workqueues. Crypto was requesting NUMA affinity as encrypting data across different nodes can contribute noticeable overhead and doing it per-cpu was too limiting for certain cases and IO throughput could be bottlenecked by one CPU being fully occupied while others have idle cycles. While the new features required a lot of changes including restructuring locking, it didn't complicate the execution paths much. The unbound workqueue handling is now closer to per-cpu ones and the new features are implemented by simply associating a workqueue with different sets of backend worker pools without changing queue, execution or flush paths. As such, even though the amount of change is very high, I feel relatively safe in that it isn't likely to cause subtle issues with basic correctness of work item execution and handling. If something is wrong, it's likely to show up as being associated with worker pools with the wrong attributes or OOPS while workqueue attributes are being changed or during CPU hotplug. While this creates more backend worker pools, it doesn't add too many more workers unless, of course, there are many workqueues with unique combinations of attributes. Assuming everything else is the same, NUMA awareness costs an extra worker pool per NUMA node with online CPUs. There are also a couple things which are being routed outside the workqueue tree. - block tree pulled in workqueue for-3.10 so that writeback worker pool can be converted to unbound workqueue with sysfs control exposed. This simplifies the code, makes writeback workers NUMA-aware and allows tuning nice level and CPU affinity via sysfs. - The conversion to workqueue means that there's no 1:1 association between a specific worker, which makes writeback folks unhappy as they want to be able to tell which filesystem caused a problem from backtrace on systems with many filesystems mounted. This is resolved by allowing work items to set debug info string which is printed when the task is dumped. As this change involves unifying implementations of dump_stack() and friends in arch codes, it's being routed through Andrew's -mm tree." * 'for-3.10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq: (84 commits) workqueue: use kmem_cache_free() instead of kfree() workqueue: avoid false negative WARN_ON() in destroy_workqueue() workqueue: update sysfs interface to reflect NUMA awareness and a kernel param to disable NUMA affinity workqueue: implement NUMA affinity for unbound workqueues workqueue: introduce put_pwq_unlocked() workqueue: introduce numa_pwq_tbl_install() workqueue: use NUMA-aware allocation for pool_workqueues workqueue: break init_and_link_pwq() into two functions and introduce alloc_unbound_pwq() workqueue: map an unbound workqueues to multiple per-node pool_workqueues workqueue: move hot fields of workqueue_struct to the end workqueue: make workqueue->name[] fixed len workqueue: add workqueue->unbound_attrs workqueue: determine NUMA node of workers accourding to the allowed cpumask workqueue: drop 'H' from kworker names of unbound worker pools workqueue: add wq_numa_tbl_len and wq_numa_possible_cpumask[] workqueue: move pwq_pool_locking outside of get/put_unbound_pool() workqueue: fix memory leak in apply_workqueue_attrs() workqueue: fix unbound workqueue attrs hashing / comparison workqueue: fix race condition in unbound workqueue free path workqueue: remove pwq_lock which is no longer used ... 2013-04-29kthread: kill task_get_live_kthread()Oleg Nesterov task_get_live_kthread() looks confusing and unneeded. It does get_task_struct() but only kthread_stop() needs this, it can be called even if the calller doesn't have a reference when we know that this kthread can't exit until we do kthread_stop(). kthread_park() and kthread_unpark() do not need get_task_struct(), the callers already have the reference. And it can not help if we can race with the exiting kthread anyway, kthread_park() can hang forever in this case. Change kthread_park() and kthread_unpark() to use to_live_kthread(), change kthread_stop() to do get_task_struct() by hand and remove task_get_live_kthread(). Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: "Srivatsa S. Bhat" <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> 2013-04-29kthread: introduce to_live_kthread()Oleg Nesterov "k->vfork_done != NULL" with a barrier() after to_kthread(k) in task_get_live_kthread(k) looks unclear, and sub-optimal because we load ->vfork_done twice. All we need is to ensure that we do not return to_kthread(NULL). Add a new trivial helper which loads/checks ->vfork_done once, this also looks more understandable. Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: "Srivatsa S. Bhat" <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> 2013-04-12kthread: Prevent unpark race which puts threads on the wrong cpuThomas Gleixner The smpboot threads rely on the park/unpark mechanism which binds per cpu threads on a particular core. Though the functionality is racy: CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 unpark(T) wake_up_process(T) clear(SHOULD_PARK) T runs leave parkme() due to !SHOULD_PARK bind_to(CPU2) BUG_ON(wrong CPU) We cannot let the tasks move themself to the target CPU as one of those tasks is actually the migration thread itself, which requires that it starts running on the target cpu right away. The solution to this problem is to prevent wakeups in park mode which are not from unpark(). That way we can guarantee that the association of the task to the target cpu is working correctly. Add a new task state (TASK_PARKED) which prevents other wakeups and use this state explicitly for the unpark wakeup. Peter noticed: Also, since the task state is visible to userspace and all the parked tasks are still in the PID space, its a good hint in ps and friends that these tasks aren't really there for the moment. The migration thread has another related issue. CPU0 CPU1 Bring up CPU2 create_thread(T) park(T) wait_for_completion() parkme() complete() sched_set_stop_task() schedule(TASK_PARKED) The sched_set_stop_task() call is issued while the task is on the runqueue of CPU1 and that confuses the hell out of the stop_task class on that cpu. So we need the same synchronizaion before sched_set_stop_task(). Reported-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com> Reported-and-tested-by: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net> Reported-and-tested-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Acked-by: Peter Ziljstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: dhillf@gmail.com Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LFD.2.02.1304091635430.21884@ionos Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> 2013-03-19sched: replace PF_THREAD_BOUND with PF_NO_SETAFFINITYTejun Heo PF_THREAD_BOUND was originally used to mark kernel threads which were bound to a specific CPU using kthread_bind() and a task with the flag set allows cpus_allowed modifications only to itself. Workqueue is currently abusing it to prevent userland from meddling with cpus_allowed of workqueue workers. What we need is a flag to prevent userland from messing with cpus_allowed of certain kernel tasks. In kernel, anyone can (incorrectly) squash the flag, and, for worker-type usages, restricting cpus_allowed modification to the task itself doesn't provide meaningful extra proection as other tasks can inject work items to the task anyway. This patch replaces PF_THREAD_BOUND with PF_NO_SETAFFINITY. sched_setaffinity() checks the flag and return -EINVAL if set. set_cpus_allowed_ptr() is no longer affected by the flag. This will allow simplifying workqueue worker CPU affinity management. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> 2012-12-12kthread: use N_MEMORY instead N_HIGH_MEMORYLai Jiangshan N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory. N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory. The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should use N_MEMORY instead. Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com> Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> 2012-10-13Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/signal Pull third pile of kernel_execve() patches from Al Viro: "The last bits of infrastructure for kernel_thread() et.al., with alpha/arm/x86 use of those. Plus sanitizing the asm glue and do_notify_resume() on alpha, fixing the "disabled irq while running task_work stuff" breakage there. At that point the rest of kernel_thread/kernel_execve/sys_execve work can be done independently for different architectures. The only pending bits that do depend on having all architectures converted are restrictred to fs/* and kernel/* - that'll obviously have to wait for the next cycle. I thought we'd have to wait for all of them done before we start eliminating the longjump-style insanity in kernel_execve(), but it turned out there's a very simple way to do that without flagday-style changes." * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/signal: alpha: switch to saner kernel_execve() semantics arm: switch to saner kernel_execve() semantics x86, um: convert to saner kernel_execve() semantics infrastructure for saner ret_from_kernel_thread semantics make sure that kernel_thread() callbacks call do_exit() themselves make sure that we always have a return path from kernel_execve() ppc: eeh_event should just use kthread_run() don't bother with kernel_thread/kernel_execve for launching linuxrc alpha: get rid of switch_stack argument of do_work_pending() alpha: don't bother passing switch_stack separately from regs alpha: take SIGPENDING/NOTIFY_RESUME loop into signal.c alpha: simplify TIF_NEED_RESCHED handling 2012-10-12infrastructure for saner ret_from_kernel_thread semanticsAl Viro * allow kernel_execve() leave the actual return to userland to caller (selected by CONFIG_GENERIC_KERNEL_EXECVE). Callers updated accordingly. * architecture that does select GENERIC_KERNEL_EXECVE in its Kconfig should have its ret_from_kernel_thread() do this: call schedule_tail call the callback left for it by copy_thread(); if it ever returns, that's because it has just done successful kernel_execve() jump to return from syscall IOW, its only difference from ret_from_fork() is that it does call the callback. * such an architecture should also get rid of ret_from_kernel_execve() and __ARCH_WANT_KERNEL_EXECVE This is the last part of infrastructure patches in that area - from that point on work on different architectures can live independently. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>


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