<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>kernel/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-script.txt, branch linux-4.17.y</title>
<subtitle>Hosts the 0x221E linux distro kernel.</subtitle>
<id>https://universe.0xinfinity.dev/distro/kernel/atom?h=linux-4.17.y</id>
<link rel='self' href='https://universe.0xinfinity.dev/distro/kernel/atom?h=linux-4.17.y'/>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://universe.0xinfinity.dev/distro/kernel/'/>
<updated>2018-04-17T12:47:39Z</updated>
<entry>
<title>perf script: Extend misc field decoding with switch out event type</title>
<updated>2018-04-17T12:47:39Z</updated>
<author>
<name>Alexey Budankov</name>
<email>alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com</email>
</author>
<published>2018-04-09T07:26:46Z</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://universe.0xinfinity.dev/distro/kernel/commit/?id=bf30cc1882d2c65aaf92842cc9bcf06565eab73c'/>
<id>urn:sha1:bf30cc1882d2c65aaf92842cc9bcf06565eab73c</id>
<content type='text'>
Append 'p' sign to 'S' tag designating the type of context switch out event so
'Sp' means preemption context switch. Documentation is extended to cover
new presentation changes.

  $ perf script --show-switch-events -F +misc -I -i perf.data:

          hdparm 4073 [004] U  762.198265:     380194 cycles:ppp:      7faf727f5a23 strchr (/usr/lib64/ld-2.26.so)
          hdparm 4073 [004] K  762.198366:     441572 cycles:ppp:  ffffffffb9218435 alloc_set_pte (/lib/modules/4.16.0-rc6+/build/vmlinux)
          hdparm 4073 [004] S  762.198391: PERF_RECORD_SWITCH_CPU_WIDE OUT          next pid/tid:    0/0
         swapper    0 [004]    762.198392: PERF_RECORD_SWITCH_CPU_WIDE IN           prev pid/tid: 4073/4073
         swapper    0 [004] Sp 762.198477: PERF_RECORD_SWITCH_CPU_WIDE OUT preempt  next pid/tid: 4073/4073
          hdparm 4073 [004]    762.198478: PERF_RECORD_SWITCH_CPU_WIDE IN           prev pid/tid:    0/0
         swapper    0 [007] K  762.198514:    2303073 cycles:ppp:  ffffffffb98b0c66 intel_idle (/lib/modules/4.16.0-rc6+/build/vmlinux)
         swapper    0 [007] Sp 762.198561: PERF_RECORD_SWITCH_CPU_WIDE OUT preempt  next pid/tid: 1134/1134
  kworker/u16:18 1134 [007]    762.198562: PERF_RECORD_SWITCH_CPU_WIDE IN           prev pid/tid:    0/0
  kworker/u16:18 1134 [007] S  762.198567: PERF_RECORD_SWITCH_CPU_WIDE OUT          next pid/tid:    0/0

Signed-off-by: Alexey Budankov &lt;alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com&gt;
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Alexander Shishkin &lt;alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: Andi Kleen &lt;ak@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Peter Zijlstra &lt;peterz@infradead.org&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/5fc65ce7-8ca5-53ae-8858-8ddd27290575@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf script: Add --show-round-event to display PERF_RECORD_FINISHED_ROUND</title>
<updated>2018-02-16T13:09:23Z</updated>
<author>
<name>Jiri Olsa</name>
<email>jolsa@kernel.org</email>
</author>
<published>2018-02-06T18:17:59Z</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://universe.0xinfinity.dev/distro/kernel/commit/?id=3233b37a71c794e25a0a794185df8d6abd9f277e'/>
<id>urn:sha1:3233b37a71c794e25a0a794185df8d6abd9f277e</id>
<content type='text'>
Adding --show-round-event to display PERF_RECORD_FINISHED_ROUND events
like:

  # perf script --show-round-events 2&gt;/dev/null
               yes  8591 [002] 124177.397597:         18         cpu/mem-stores/P: ff...
               yes  8591 [002] 124177.397615:          1 cpu/mem-loads,ldlat=30/P: ff...
  PERF_RECORD_FINISHED_ROUND
              perf 10380 [001] 124177.397622:          6 cpu/mem-loads,ldlat=30/P: ff...
  PERF_RECORD_FINISHED_ROUND
           swapper     0 [000] 124177.400518:         88         cpu/mem-stores/P: ff...
           swapper     0 [000] 124177.400521:         88         cpu/mem-stores/P: ff...

Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@kernel.org&gt;
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Alexander Shishkin &lt;alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: David Ahern &lt;dsahern@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Peter Zijlstra &lt;peterz@infradead.org&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180206181813.10943-4-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf script: Remove the time slices number limitation</title>
<updated>2018-01-17T13:23:37Z</updated>
<author>
<name>Jin Yao</name>
<email>yao.jin@linux.intel.com</email>
</author>
<published>2018-01-10T15:00:33Z</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://universe.0xinfinity.dev/distro/kernel/commit/?id=cc2ef584a863b7c8033b78723cd253ca47e9a589'/>
<id>urn:sha1:cc2ef584a863b7c8033b78723cd253ca47e9a589</id>
<content type='text'>
Previously it was only allowed to use at most 10 time slices in 'perf
script --time'.

This patch removes this limitation.
For example, following command line is OK (12 time slices)

perf script --time 1%/1,1%/2,1%/3,1%/4,1%/5,1%/6,1%/7,1%/8,1%/9,1%/10,1%/11,1%/12

Signed-off-by: Jin Yao &lt;yao.jin@linux.intel.com&gt;
Suggested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Alexander Shishkin &lt;alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: Andi Kleen &lt;ak@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: Kan Liang &lt;kan.liang@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Peter Zijlstra &lt;peterz@infradead.org&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1515596433-24653-9-git-send-email-yao.jin@linux.intel.com
[ No need to check for NULL to call free, use zfree ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf script: Add support to display lost events</title>
<updated>2018-01-10T15:00:39Z</updated>
<author>
<name>Jiri Olsa</name>
<email>jolsa@kernel.org</email>
</author>
<published>2018-01-07T16:03:53Z</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://universe.0xinfinity.dev/distro/kernel/commit/?id=3d7c27b6dbca4c90e7d921b45c2240e7c3cb92a2'/>
<id>urn:sha1:3d7c27b6dbca4c90e7d921b45c2240e7c3cb92a2</id>
<content type='text'>
Adding option to display lost events:

  $ perf script --show-lost-events ...
   mplayer 13810 [002] 468011.402396:        100 cycles:ppp:  ff..
   mplayer 13810 [002] 468011.402396: PERF_RECORD_LOST lost 3880
   mplayer 13810 [002] 468011.402397:        100 cycles:ppp:  ff..

Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Alexander Shishkin &lt;alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: Andi Kleen &lt;ak@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: David Ahern &lt;dsahern@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Peter Zijlstra &lt;peterz@infradead.org&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180107160356.28203-10-jolsa@kernel.org
[ Use PRIu64 when printing u64 values, fixing the build in some arches ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf script: Add support to display sample misc field</title>
<updated>2018-01-08T15:39:50Z</updated>
<author>
<name>Jiri Olsa</name>
<email>jolsa@kernel.org</email>
</author>
<published>2018-01-07T16:03:52Z</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://universe.0xinfinity.dev/distro/kernel/commit/?id=28a0b39877f5ed64ae9fadf95dddb90999309dee'/>
<id>urn:sha1:28a0b39877f5ed64ae9fadf95dddb90999309dee</id>
<content type='text'>
Adding support to display sample misc field in form
of letter for each bit:

  # perf script -F +misc ...
   sched-messaging  1414 K     28690.636582:       4590 cycles ...
   sched-messaging  1407 U     28690.636600:     325620 cycles ...
   sched-messaging  1414 K     28690.636608:      19473 cycles ...
  misc field  __________/

The misc bits are assigned to following letters:

  PERF_RECORD_MISC_KERNEL        K
  PERF_RECORD_MISC_USER          U
  PERF_RECORD_MISC_HYPERVISOR    H
  PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_KERNEL  G
  PERF_RECORD_MISC_GUEST_USER    g
  PERF_RECORD_MISC_MMAP_DATA*    M
  PERF_RECORD_MISC_COMM_EXEC     E
  PERF_RECORD_MISC_SWITCH_OUT    S

Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@kernel.org&gt;
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Alexander Shishkin &lt;alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: Andi Kleen &lt;ak@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: David Ahern &lt;dsahern@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Peter Zijlstra &lt;peterz@infradead.org&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180107160356.28203-9-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf script: Support time percent and multiple time ranges</title>
<updated>2018-01-08T15:07:06Z</updated>
<author>
<name>Jin Yao</name>
<email>yao.jin@linux.intel.com</email>
</author>
<published>2017-12-08T13:13:46Z</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://universe.0xinfinity.dev/distro/kernel/commit/?id=2ab046cd01e33a854798a3e245c9e3f32b950a7d'/>
<id>urn:sha1:2ab046cd01e33a854798a3e245c9e3f32b950a7d</id>
<content type='text'>
perf script has a --time option to limit the time range of output.  It
only supports absolute time.

Now this option is extended to support multiple time ranges and support
the percent of time.

For example:

1. Select the first and second 10% time slices:

   perf script --time 10%/1,10%/2

2. Select from 0% to 10% and 30% to 40% slices:

   perf script --time 0%-10%,30%-40%

Changelog:

v6: Fix the merge issue with latest perf/core branch.
    No functional changes.

v5: Add checking of first/last sample time to detect if it's recorded
    in perf.data. If it's not recorded, returns error message to user.

v4: Remove perf_time__skip_sample, only uses perf_time__ranges_skip_sample

v3: Since the definitions of first_sample_time/last_sample_time
    are moved from perf_session to perf_evlist so change the
    related code.

Signed-off-by: Jin Yao &lt;yao.jin@linux.intel.com&gt;
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@kernel.org&gt;
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Alexander Shishkin &lt;alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: Andi Kleen &lt;ak@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: Kan Liang &lt;kan.liang@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Peter Zijlstra &lt;peterz@infradead.org&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1512738826-2628-7-git-send-email-yao.jin@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf script: Allow computing 'perf stat' style metrics</title>
<updated>2017-11-29T21:18:01Z</updated>
<author>
<name>Andi Kleen</name>
<email>ak@linux.intel.com</email>
</author>
<published>2017-11-17T21:43:00Z</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://universe.0xinfinity.dev/distro/kernel/commit/?id=4bd1bef8bba2f99ff472ae3617864dda301f81bd'/>
<id>urn:sha1:4bd1bef8bba2f99ff472ae3617864dda301f81bd</id>
<content type='text'>
Add support for computing 'perf stat' style metrics in 'perf script'.

When using leader sampling we can get metrics for each sampling period
by computing formulas over the values of the different group members.

This allows things like fine grained IPC tracking through sampling, much
more fine grained than with 'perf stat'.

The metric is still averaged over the sampling period, it is not just
for the sampling point.

This patch adds a new metric output field for 'perf script' that uses
the existing 'perf stat' metrics infrastructure to compute any metrics
supported by 'perf stat'.

For example to sample IPC:

  $ perf record -e '{ref-cycles,cycles,instructions}:S' -a sleep 1
  $ perf script -F metric,ip,sym,time,cpu,comm
  ...
   alsa-sink-ALC32 [000] 42815.856074:      7fd65937d6cc [unknown]
   alsa-sink-ALC32 [000] 42815.856074:      7fd65937d6cc [unknown]
   alsa-sink-ALC32 [000] 42815.856074:      7fd65937d6cc [unknown]
   alsa-sink-ALC32 [000] 42815.856074:    metric:    0.13  insn per cycle
           swapper [000] 42815.857961:  ffffffff81655df0 __schedule
           swapper [000] 42815.857961:  ffffffff81655df0 __schedule
           swapper [000] 42815.857961:  ffffffff81655df0 __schedule
           swapper [000] 42815.857961:    metric:    0.23  insn per cycle
   qemu-system-x86 [000] 42815.858130:  ffffffff8165ad0e _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore
   qemu-system-x86 [000] 42815.858130:  ffffffff8165ad0e _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore
   qemu-system-x86 [000] 42815.858130:  ffffffff8165ad0e _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore
   qemu-system-x86 [000] 42815.858130:    metric:    0.46  insn per cycle
             :4972 [000] 42815.858312:  ffffffffa080e5f2 vmx_vcpu_run
             :4972 [000] 42815.858312:  ffffffffa080e5f2 vmx_vcpu_run
             :4972 [000] 42815.858312:  ffffffffa080e5f2 vmx_vcpu_run
             :4972 [000] 42815.858312:    metric:    0.45  insn per cycle

TopDown:

This requires disabling SMT if you have it enabled, because SMT would
require sampling per core, which is not supported.

  $ perf record -e '{ref-cycles,topdown-fetch-bubbles,\
                     topdown-recovery-bubbles,\
                     topdown-slots-retired,topdown-total-slots,\
                     topdown-slots-issued}:S' -a sleep 1
  $ perf script --header -I -F cpu,ip,sym,event,metric,period
  ...
  [000]     121108               ref-cycles:  ffffffff8165222e copy_user_enhanced_fast_string
  [000]     190350    topdown-fetch-bubbles:  ffffffff8165222e copy_user_enhanced_fast_string
  [000]       2055 topdown-recovery-bubbles:  ffffffff8165222e copy_user_enhanced_fast_string
  [000]     148729    topdown-slots-retired:  ffffffff8165222e copy_user_enhanced_fast_string
  [000]     144324      topdown-total-slots:  ffffffff8165222e copy_user_enhanced_fast_string
  [000]     160852     topdown-slots-issued:  ffffffff8165222e copy_user_enhanced_fast_string
  [000]   metric:     33.0% frontend bound
  [000]   metric:      3.5% bad speculation
  [000]   metric:     25.8% retiring
  [000]   metric:     37.7% backend bound
  [000]     112112               ref-cycles:  ffffffff8165aec8 _raw_spin_lock_irqsave
  [000]     357222    topdown-fetch-bubbles:  ffffffff8165aec8 _raw_spin_lock_irqsave
  [000]       3325 topdown-recovery-bubbles:  ffffffff8165aec8 _raw_spin_lock_irqsave
  [000]     323553    topdown-slots-retired:  ffffffff8165aec8 _raw_spin_lock_irqsave
  [000]     270507      topdown-total-slots:  ffffffff8165aec8 _raw_spin_lock_irqsave
  [000]     341226     topdown-slots-issued:  ffffffff8165aec8 _raw_spin_lock_irqsave
  [000]   metric:     33.0% frontend bound
  [000]   metric:      2.9% bad speculation
  [000]   metric:     29.9% retiring
  [000]   metric:     34.2% backend bound
...

v2:
Use evsel-&gt;priv for new fields
Port to new base line, support fp output.
Handle stats in -&gt;stats, not -&gt;priv
Minor cleanups

Extra explanation about the use of the term 'averaging', from Andi in the
thread in the Link: tag below:

&lt;quote Andi&gt;
The current samples contains the sum of event counts for a sampling period.

EventA-1           EventA-2                EventA-3      EventA-4
EventB-1     EventB-2                             EventC-3

                         gap with no events                overflow
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
period-start                                             period-end
^                                                                 ^
|                                                                 |
previous sample                                      current sample

So EventA = 4 and EventB = 3 at the sample point

I generate a metric, let's say EventA / EventB. It applies to the whole period.

But the metric is over a longer time which does not have the same behavior. For
example the gap above doesn't have any events, while they are clustered at the
beginning and end of the sample period.

But we're summing everything together. The metric doesn't know that the gap is
different than the busy period.

That's what I'm trying to express with averaging.
&lt;/quote&gt;

Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen &lt;ak@linux.intel.com&gt;
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@kernel.org&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171117214300.32746-4-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf script: Allow creating per-event dump files</title>
<updated>2017-10-27T12:10:10Z</updated>
<author>
<name>Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo</name>
<email>acme@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2017-10-26T13:30:20Z</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://universe.0xinfinity.dev/distro/kernel/commit/?id=a14390fde64e862c4fe8b92ecb293ee4b12d5bfe'/>
<id>urn:sha1:a14390fde64e862c4fe8b92ecb293ee4b12d5bfe</id>
<content type='text'>
Introduce a new option to dump trace output to files named by the
monitored events and update perf-script documentation accordingly.

Shown below is output of perf script command with the newly introduced
option.

         $ perf record -e cycles -e cs -ag -- sleep 1
         $ perf script --per-event-dump
         $ ls
         perf.data.cycles.dump perf.data.cs.dump

Without per-event-dump support, drawing flamegraphs for different events
would require post processing to separate events. You can monitor only
one event at a time if you want to get flamegraphs for different events.
Using this option, you can get the trace output files named by the
monitored events, and could draw flamegraphs according to the event's
name.

Based-on-a-patch-by: yuzhoujian &lt;yuzhoujian@didichuxing.com&gt;
Cc: Adrian Hunter &lt;adrian.hunter@intel.com&gt;
Cc: David Ahern &lt;dsahern@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Wang Nan &lt;wangnan0@huawei.com&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1508921599-10832-3-git-send-email-yuzhoujian@didichuxing.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-8ngzsjdhgiovkupl3r5yy570@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf util: Enable handling of inlined frames by default</title>
<updated>2017-10-25T13:50:47Z</updated>
<author>
<name>Milian Wolff</name>
<email>milian.wolff@kdab.com</email>
</author>
<published>2017-10-19T11:38:36Z</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://universe.0xinfinity.dev/distro/kernel/commit/?id=d8a88dd243a170a226aba33e7c53704db2f82aa6'/>
<id>urn:sha1:d8a88dd243a170a226aba33e7c53704db2f82aa6</id>
<content type='text'>
Now that we have caches in place to speed up the process of finding
inlined frames and srcline information repeatedly, we can enable this
useful option by default.

Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Milian Wolff &lt;milian.wolff@kdab.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen &lt;ak@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: David Ahern &lt;dsahern@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Jin Yao &lt;yao.jin@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Peter Zijlstra &lt;peterz@infradead.org&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171019113836.5548-6-milian.wolff@kdab.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf script: Support user regs</title>
<updated>2017-09-13T12:49:14Z</updated>
<author>
<name>Andi Kleen</name>
<email>ak@linux.intel.com</email>
</author>
<published>2017-09-05T18:40:57Z</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://universe.0xinfinity.dev/distro/kernel/commit/?id=b1491ace8eb2e92677cd9ee966763f8f53d29d16'/>
<id>urn:sha1:b1491ace8eb2e92677cd9ee966763f8f53d29d16</id>
<content type='text'>
Teach perf script to print user regs.

  % perf record --user-regs=ip,sp ...
  % perf script -F ip,sym,uregs
  ...
   ffffffff9e060c24 native_write_msr ABI:2    SP:0x7ffd0ea06c38    IP:0x7fe77f55b637
   ffffffff9e060c24 native_write_msr ABI:2    SP:0x7ffd0ea06c38    IP:0x7fe77f55b637
   ffffffff9e060c24 native_write_msr ABI:2    SP:0x7ffd0ea06c38    IP:0x7fe77f55b637
   ffffffff9e060c24 native_write_msr ABI:2    SP:0x7ffd0ea06c38    IP:0x7fe77f55b637
   ffffffff9e00cc12 intel_pmu_handle_irq ABI:2    SP:0x7ffd0ea06c38    IP:0x7fe77f55b637

v2: Rebased on top of phys-addr patches

Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen &lt;ak@linux.intel.com&gt;
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170905184057.26135-1-andi@firstfloor.org
[ Use PRIu64 for regs-&gt;abi in print_sample_uregs() ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
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