kernel/include/trace/events/mmflags.h, branch linux-5.11.y

mm: Add PG_arch_2 page flag

2020-09-04T11:46:06Z

For arm64 MTE support it is necessary to be able to mark pages that contain user space visible tags that will need to be saved/restored e.g. when swapped out. To support this add a new arch specific flag (PG_arch_2). This flag is only available on 64-bit architectures due to the limited number of spare page flags on the 32-bit ones. Signed-off-by: Steven Price [catalin.marinas@arm.com: use CONFIG_64BIT for guarding this new flag] Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas Cc: Andrew Morton

Revert "powerpc/64s: Remove PROT_SAO support"

2020-08-24T04:12:53Z

This reverts commit 5c9fa16e8abd342ce04dc830c1ebb2a03abf6c05. Since PROT_SAO can still be useful for certain classes of software, reintroduce it. Concerns about guest migration for LPARs using SAO will be addressed next. Signed-off-by: Shawn Anastasio Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200821185558.35561-2-shawn@anastas.io

powerpc/64s: Remove PROT_SAO support

2020-07-21T14:01:25Z

ISA v3.1 does not support the SAO storage control attribute required to implement PROT_SAO. PROT_SAO was used by specialised system software (Lx86) that has been discontinued for about 7 years, and is not thought to be used elsewhere, so removal should not cause problems. We rather remove it than keep support for older processors, because live migrating guest partitions to newer processors may not be possible if SAO is in use (or worse allowed with silent races). - PROT_SAO stays in the uapi header so code using it would still build. - arch_validate_prot() is removed, the generic version rejects PROT_SAO so applications would get a failure at mmap() time. Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin [mpe: Drop KVM change for the time being] Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200703011958.1166620-3-npiggin@gmail.com

mm/vma: add missing VMA flag readable name for VM_SYNC

2020-04-07T17:43:37Z

Patch series "mm/vma: Use all available wrappers when possible", v2. Apart from adding a VMA flag readable name for trace purpose, this series does some open encoding replacements with availabe VMA specific wrappers. This skips VM_HUGETLB check in vma_migratable() as its already being done with another patch (https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/11347831/) which is yet to be merged. This patch (of 4): This just adds the missing readable name for VM_SYNC. Signed-off-by: Anshuman Khandual Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Cc: Vlastimil Babka Cc: Steven Rostedt Cc: Ingo Molnar Cc: Alexander Viro Cc: Andy Lutomirski Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo Cc: Arnd Bergmann Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt Cc: Dave Hansen Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven Cc: Guo Ren Cc: Mel Gorman Cc: Michael Ellerman Cc: Nick Piggin Cc: Paul Burton Cc: Paul Mackerras Cc: Paul Mackerras Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Ralf Baechle Cc: Rich Felker Cc: Thomas Gleixner Cc: Will Deacon Cc: Yoshinori Sato Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1582520593-30704-2-git-send-email-anshuman.khandual@arm.com Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: workingset: tell cache transitions from workingset thrashing

2018-10-26T23:26:32Z

Refaults happen during transitions between workingsets as well as in-place thrashing. Knowing the difference between the two has a range of applications, including measuring the impact of memory shortage on the system performance, as well as the ability to smarter balance pressure between the filesystem cache and the swap-backed workingset. During workingset transitions, inactive cache refaults and pushes out established active cache. When that active cache isn't stale, however, and also ends up refaulting, that's bonafide thrashing. Introduce a new page flag that tells on eviction whether the page has been active or not in its lifetime. This bit is then stored in the shadow entry, to classify refaults as transitioning or thrashing. How many page->flags does this leave us with on 32-bit? 20 bits are always page flags 21 if you have an MMU 23 with the zone bits for DMA, Normal, HighMem, Movable 29 with the sparsemem section bits 30 if PAE is enabled 31 with this patch. So on 32-bit PAE, that leaves 1 bit for distinguishing two NUMA nodes. If that's not enough, the system can switch to discontigmem and re-gain the 6 or 7 sparsemem section bits. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180828172258.3185-3-hannes@cmpxchg.org Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Tested-by: Daniel Drake Tested-by: Suren Baghdasaryan Cc: Christopher Lameter Cc: Ingo Molnar Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Mike Galbraith Cc: Peter Enderborg Cc: Randy Dunlap Cc: Shakeel Butt Cc: Tejun Heo Cc: Vinayak Menon Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

Drop a bunch of metag references

2018-02-23T14:29:59Z

Now that arch/metag/ has been removed, drop a bunch of metag references in various codes across the whole tree: - VM_GROWSUP and __VM_ARCH_SPECIFIC_1. - MT_METAG_* ELF note types. - METAG Kconfig dependencies (FRAME_POINTER) and ranges (MAX_STACK_SIZE_MB). - metag cases in tools (checkstack.pl, recordmcount.c, perf). Signed-off-by: James Hogan Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Reviewed-by: Guenter Roeck Cc: Ingo Molnar Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo Cc: Alexander Shishkin Cc: Jiri Olsa Cc: Namhyung Kim Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Cc: linux-metag@vger.kernel.org

mm: remove __GFP_COLD

2017-11-16T02:21:06Z

As the page free path makes no distinction between cache hot and cold pages, there is no real useful ordering of pages in the free list that allocation requests can take advantage of. Juding from the users of __GFP_COLD, it is likely that a number of them are the result of copying other sites instead of actually measuring the impact. Remove the __GFP_COLD parameter which simplifies a number of paths in the page allocator. This is potentially controversial but bear in mind that the size of the per-cpu pagelists versus modern cache sizes means that the whole per-cpu list can often fit in the L3 cache. Hence, there is only a potential benefit for microbenchmarks that alloc/free pages in a tight loop. It's even worse when THP is taken into account which has little or no chance of getting a cache-hot page as the per-cpu list is bypassed and the zeroing of multiple pages will thrash the cache anyway. The truncate microbenchmarks are not shown as this patch affects the allocation path and not the free path. A page fault microbenchmark was tested but it showed no sigificant difference which is not surprising given that the __GFP_COLD branches are a miniscule percentage of the fault path. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171018075952.10627-9-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka Cc: Andi Kleen Cc: Dave Chinner Cc: Dave Hansen Cc: Jan Kara Cc: Johannes Weiner Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

kmemcheck: remove whats left of NOTRACK flags

2017-11-16T02:21:05Z

Now that kmemcheck is gone, we don't need the NOTRACK flags. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171007030159.22241-5-alexander.levin@verizon.com Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin Cc: Alexander Potapenko Cc: Eric W. Biederman Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: Pekka Enberg Cc: Steven Rostedt Cc: Tim Hansen Cc: Vegard Nossum Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

2017-11-02T10:10:55Z

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

mm: treewide: remove GFP_TEMPORARY allocation flag

2017-09-14T01:53:16Z

GFP_TEMPORARY was introduced by commit e12ba74d8ff3 ("Group short-lived and reclaimable kernel allocations") along with __GFP_RECLAIMABLE. It's primary motivation was to allow users to tell that an allocation is short lived and so the allocator can try to place such allocations close together and prevent long term fragmentation. As much as this sounds like a reasonable semantic it becomes much less clear when to use the highlevel GFP_TEMPORARY allocation flag. How long is temporary? Can the context holding that memory sleep? Can it take locks? It seems there is no good answer for those questions. The current implementation of GFP_TEMPORARY is basically GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_RECLAIMABLE which in itself is tricky because basically none of the existing caller provide a way to reclaim the allocated memory. So this is rather misleading and hard to evaluate for any benefits. I have checked some random users and none of them has added the flag with a specific justification. I suspect most of them just copied from other existing users and others just thought it might be a good idea to use without any measuring. This suggests that GFP_TEMPORARY just motivates for cargo cult usage without any reasoning. I believe that our gfp flags are quite complex already and especially those with highlevel semantic should be clearly defined to prevent from confusion and abuse. Therefore I propose dropping GFP_TEMPORARY and replace all existing users to simply use GFP_KERNEL. Please note that SLAB users with shrinkers will still get __GFP_RECLAIMABLE heuristic and so they will be placed properly for memory fragmentation prevention. I can see reasons we might want some gfp flag to reflect shorterm allocations but I propose starting from a clear semantic definition and only then add users with proper justification. This was been brought up before LSF this year by Matthew [1] and it turned out that GFP_TEMPORARY really doesn't have a clear semantic. It seems to be a heuristic without any measured advantage for most (if not all) its current users. The follow up discussion has revealed that opinions on what might be temporary allocation differ a lot between developers. So rather than trying to tweak existing users into a semantic which they haven't expected I propose to simply remove the flag and start from scratch if we really need a semantic for short term allocations. [1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170118054945.GD18349@bombadil.infradead.org [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix typo] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [sfr@canb.auug.org.au: drm/i915: fix up] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170816144703.378d4f4d@canb.auug.org.au Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170728091904.14627-1-mhocko@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell Acked-by: Mel Gorman Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka Cc: Matthew Wilcox Cc: Neil Brown Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds