kernel/include/linux/swap.h, branch linux-6.16.y

mm: folio_may_be_lru_cached() unless folio_test_large()

2025-09-25T09:16:46Z

commit 2da6de30e60dd9bb14600eff1cc99df2fa2ddae3 upstream. mm/swap.c and mm/mlock.c agree to drain any per-CPU batch as soon as a large folio is added: so collect_longterm_unpinnable_folios() just wastes effort when calling lru_add_drain[_all]() on a large folio. But although there is good reason not to batch up PMD-sized folios, we might well benefit from batching a small number of low-order mTHPs (though unclear how that "small number" limitation will be implemented). So ask if folio_may_be_lru_cached() rather than !folio_test_large(), to insulate those particular checks from future change. Name preferred to "folio_is_batchable" because large folios can well be put on a batch: it's just the per-CPU LRU caches, drained much later, which need care. Marked for stable, to counter the increase in lru_add_drain_all()s from "mm/gup: check ref_count instead of lru before migration". Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/57d2eaf8-3607-f318-e0c5-be02dce61ad0@google.com Fixes: 9a4e9f3b2d73 ("mm: update get_user_pages_longterm to migrate pages allocated from CMA region") Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand Acked-by: David Hildenbrand Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" Cc: Axel Rasmussen Cc: Chris Li Cc: Christoph Hellwig Cc: Jason Gunthorpe Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: John Hubbard Cc: Keir Fraser Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov Cc: Li Zhe Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) Cc: Peter Xu Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: Shivank Garg Cc: Vlastimil Babka Cc: Wei Xu Cc: Will Deacon Cc: yangge Cc: Yuanchu Xie Cc: Yu Zhao Cc: Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

mm: add swappiness=max arg to memory.reclaim for only anon reclaim

2025-05-13T06:50:35Z

Patch series "add max arg to swappiness in memory.reclaim and lru_gen", v4. This patchset adds max arg to swappiness in memory.reclaim and lru_gen for anon only proactive memory reclaim. With commit <68cd9050d871> ("mm: add swappiness= arg to memory.reclaim") we can submit an additional swappiness= argument to memory.reclaim. It is very useful because we can dynamically adjust the reclamation ratio based on the anonymous folios and file folios of each cgroup. For example,when swappiness is set to 0, we only reclaim from file folios. But we can not relciam memory just from anon folios. This patchset introduces a new macro, SWAPPINESS_ANON_ONLY, defined as MAX_SWAPPINESS + 1, represent the max arg semantics. It specifically indicates that reclamation should occur only from anonymous pages. Patch 1 adds swappiness=max arg to memory.reclaim suggested-by: Yosry Ahmed Patch 2 add more comments for cache_trim_mode from Johannes Weiner in [1]. Patch 3 add max arg to lru_gen for proactive memory reclaim in MGLRU. The MGLRU already supports reclaiming exclusively from anonymous pages. This patch formalizes that behavior by introducing a max parameter to represent the corresponding semantics. Patch 4 using SWAPPINESS_ANON_ONLY in MGLRU Using SWAPPINESS_ANON_ONLY instead of MAX_SWAPPINESS + 1 to indicate reclaiming only from anonymous pages makes the code more readable and explicit Here is the previous discussion: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250314033350.1156370-1-hezhongkun.hzk@bytedance.com/ https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250312094337.2296278-1-hezhongkun.hzk@bytedance.com/ https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250318135330.3358345-1-hezhongkun.hzk@bytedance.com/ This patch (of 4): With commit <68cd9050d871> ("mm: add swappiness= arg to memory.reclaim") we can submit an additional swappiness= argument to memory.reclaim. It is very useful because we can dynamically adjust the reclamation ratio based on the anonymous folios and file folios of each cgroup. For example,when swappiness is set to 0, we only reclaim from file folios. However,we have also encountered a new issue: when swappiness is set to the MAX_SWAPPINESS, it may still only reclaim file folios. So, we hope to add a new arg 'swappiness=max' in memory.reclaim where proactive memory reclaim only reclaims from anonymous folios when swappiness is set to max. The swappiness semantics from a user perspective remain unchanged. For example, something like this: echo "2M swappiness=max" > /sys/fs/cgroup/memory.reclaim will perform reclaim on the rootcg with a swappiness setting of 'max' (a new mode) regardless of the file folios. Users have a more comprehensive view of the application's memory distribution because there are many metrics available. For example, if we find that a certain cgroup has a large number of inactive anon folios, we can reclaim only those and skip file folios, because with the zram/zswap, the IO tradeoff that cache_trim_mode or other file first logic is making doesn't hold - file refaults will cause IO, whereas anon decompression will not. With this patch, the swappiness argument of memory.reclaim has a new mode 'max', means reclaiming just from anonymous folios both in traditional LRU and MGLRU. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/cover.1745225696.git.hezhongkun.hzk@bytedance.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250314141833.GA1316033@cmpxchg.org/ [1] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/519e12b9b1f8c31a01e228c8b4b91a2419684f77.1745225696.git.hezhongkun.hzk@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Zhongkun He Suggested-by: Yosry Ahmed Acked-by: Muchun Song Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: Yu Zhao Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

mm: convert free_page_and_swap_cache() to free_folio_and_swap_cache()

2025-05-12T00:48:32Z

free_page_and_swap_cache() takes a struct page pointer as input parameter, but it will immediately convert it to folio and all operations following within use folio instead of page. It makes more sense to pass in folio directly. Convert free_page_and_swap_cache() to free_folio_and_swap_cache() to consume folio directly. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250416201720.41678-1-nifan.cxl@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Fan Ni Acked-by: Davidlohr Bueso Acked-by: David Hildenbrand Reviewed-by: Zi Yan Reviewed-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) Cc: Adam Manzanares Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" Cc: Heiko Carstens Cc: Luis Chamberalin Cc: Vasily Gorbik Cc: Will Deacon Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

Merge tag 'mm-stable-2025-03-30-16-52' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm

2025-04-01T16:29:18Z

Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton: - The series "Enable strict percpu address space checks" from Uros Bizjak uses x86 named address space qualifiers to provide compile-time checking of percpu area accesses. This has caused a small amount of fallout - two or three issues were reported. In all cases the calling code was found to be incorrect. - The series "Some cleanup for memcg" from Chen Ridong implements some relatively monir cleanups for the memcontrol code. - The series "mm: fixes for device-exclusive entries (hmm)" from David Hildenbrand fixes a boatload of issues which David found then using device-exclusive PTE entries when THP is enabled. More work is needed, but this makes thins better - our own HMM selftests now succeed. - The series "mm: zswap: remove z3fold and zbud" from Yosry Ahmed remove the z3fold and zbud implementations. They have been deprecated for half a year and nobody has complained. - The series "mm: further simplify VMA merge operation" from Lorenzo Stoakes implements numerous simplifications in this area. No runtime effects are anticipated. - The series "mm/madvise: remove redundant mmap_lock operations from process_madvise()" from SeongJae Park rationalizes the locking in the madvise() implementation. Performance gains of 20-25% were observed in one MADV_DONTNEED microbenchmark. - The series "Tiny cleanup and improvements about SWAP code" from Baoquan He contains a number of touchups to issues which Baoquan noticed when working on the swap code. - The series "mm: kmemleak: Usability improvements" from Catalin Marinas implements a couple of improvements to the kmemleak user-visible output. - The series "mm/damon/paddr: fix large folios access and schemes handling" from Usama Arif provides a couple of fixes for DAMON's handling of large folios. - The series "mm/damon/core: fix wrong and/or useless damos_walk() behaviors" from SeongJae Park fixes a few issues with the accuracy of kdamond's walking of DAMON regions. - The series "expose mapping wrprotect, fix fb_defio use" from Lorenzo Stoakes changes the interaction between framebuffer deferred-io and core MM. No functional changes are anticipated - this is preparatory work for the future removal of page structure fields. - The series "mm/damon: add support for hugepage_size DAMOS filter" from Usama Arif adds a DAMOS filter which permits the filtering by huge page sizes. - The series "mm: permit guard regions for file-backed/shmem mappings" from Lorenzo Stoakes extends the guard region feature from its present "anon mappings only" state. The feature now covers shmem and file-backed mappings. - The series "mm: batched unmap lazyfree large folios during reclamation" from Barry Song cleans up and speeds up the unmapping for pte-mapped large folios. - The series "reimplement per-vma lock as a refcount" from Suren Baghdasaryan puts the vm_lock back into the vma. Our reasons for pulling it out were largely bogus and that change made the code more messy. This patchset provides small (0-10%) improvements on one microbenchmark. - The series "Docs/mm/damon: misc DAMOS filters documentation fixes and improves" from SeongJae Park does some maintenance work on the DAMON docs. - The series "hugetlb/CMA improvements for large systems" from Frank van der Linden addresses a pile of issues which have been observed when using CMA on large machines. - The series "mm/damon: introduce DAMOS filter type for unmapped pages" from SeongJae Park enables users of DMAON/DAMOS to filter my the page's mapped/unmapped status. - The series "zsmalloc/zram: there be preemption" from Sergey Senozhatsky teaches zram to run its compression and decompression operations preemptibly. - The series "selftests/mm: Some cleanups from trying to run them" from Brendan Jackman fixes a pile of unrelated issues which Brendan encountered while runnimg our selftests. - The series "fs/proc/task_mmu: add guard region bit to pagemap" from Lorenzo Stoakes permits userspace to use /proc/pid/pagemap to determine whether a particular page is a guard page. - The series "mm, swap: remove swap slot cache" from Kairui Song removes the swap slot cache from the allocation path - it simply wasn't being effective. - The series "mm: cleanups for device-exclusive entries (hmm)" from David Hildenbrand implements a number of unrelated cleanups in this code. - The series "mm: Rework generic PTDUMP configs" from Anshuman Khandual implements a number of preparatoty cleanups to the GENERIC_PTDUMP Kconfig logic. - The series "mm/damon: auto-tune aggregation interval" from SeongJae Park implements a feedback-driven automatic tuning feature for DAMON's aggregation interval tuning. - The series "Fix lazy mmu mode" from Ryan Roberts fixes some issues in powerpc, sparc and x86 lazy MMU implementations. Ryan did this in preparation for implementing lazy mmu mode for arm64 to optimize vmalloc. - The series "mm/page_alloc: Some clarifications for migratetype fallback" from Brendan Jackman reworks some commentary to make the code easier to follow. - The series "page_counter cleanup and size reduction" from Shakeel Butt cleans up the page_counter code and fixes a size increase which we accidentally added late last year. - The series "Add a command line option that enables control of how many threads should be used to allocate huge pages" from Thomas Prescher does that. It allows the careful operator to significantly reduce boot time by tuning the parallalization of huge page initialization. - The series "Fix calculations in trace_balance_dirty_pages() for cgwb" from Tang Yizhou fixes the tracing output from the dirty page balancing code. - The series "mm/damon: make allow filters after reject filters useful and intuitive" from SeongJae Park improves the handling of allow and reject filters. Behaviour is made more consistent and the documention is updated accordingly. - The series "Switch zswap to object read/write APIs" from Yosry Ahmed updates zswap to the new object read/write APIs and thus permits the removal of some legacy code from zpool and zsmalloc. - The series "Some trivial cleanups for shmem" from Baolin Wang does as it claims. - The series "fs/dax: Fix ZONE_DEVICE page reference counts" from Alistair Popple regularizes the weird ZONE_DEVICE page refcount handling in DAX, permittig the removal of a number of special-case checks. - The series "refactor mremap and fix bug" from Lorenzo Stoakes is a preparatoty refactoring and cleanup of the mremap() code. - The series "mm: MM owner tracking for large folios (!hugetlb) + CONFIG_NO_PAGE_MAPCOUNT" from David Hildenbrand reworks the manner in which we determine whether a large folio is known to be mapped exclusively into a single MM. - The series "mm/damon: add sysfs dirs for managing DAMOS filters based on handling layers" from SeongJae Park adds a couple of new sysfs directories to ease the management of DAMON/DAMOS filters. - The series "arch, mm: reduce code duplication in mem_init()" from Mike Rapoport consolidates many per-arch implementations of mem_init() into code generic code, where that is practical. - The series "mm/damon/sysfs: commit parameters online via damon_call()" from SeongJae Park continues the cleaning up of sysfs access to DAMON internal data. - The series "mm: page_ext: Introduce new iteration API" from Luiz Capitulino reworks the page_ext initialization to fix a boot-time crash which was observed with an unusual combination of compile and cmdline options. - The series "Buddy allocator like (or non-uniform) folio split" from Zi Yan reworks the code to split a folio into smaller folios. The main benefit is lessened memory consumption: fewer post-split folios are generated. - The series "Minimize xa_node allocation during xarry split" from Zi Yan reduces the number of xarray xa_nodes which are generated during an xarray split. - The series "drivers/base/memory: Two cleanups" from Gavin Shan performs some maintenance work on the drivers/base/memory code. - The series "Add tracepoints for lowmem reserves, watermarks and totalreserve_pages" from Martin Liu adds some more tracepoints to the page allocator code. - The series "mm/madvise: cleanup requests validations and classifications" from SeongJae Park cleans up some warts which SeongJae observed during his earlier madvise work. - The series "mm/hwpoison: Fix regressions in memory failure handling" from Shuai Xue addresses two quite serious regressions which Shuai has observed in the memory-failure implementation. - The series "mm: reliable huge page allocator" from Johannes Weiner makes huge page allocations cheaper and more reliable by reducing fragmentation. - The series "Minor memcg cleanups & prep for memdescs" from Matthew Wilcox is preparatory work for the future implementation of memdescs. - The series "track memory used by balloon drivers" from Nico Pache introduces a way to track memory used by our various balloon drivers. - The series "mm/damon: introduce DAMOS filter type for active pages" from Nhat Pham permits users to filter for active/inactive pages, separately for file and anon pages. - The series "Adding Proactive Memory Reclaim Statistics" from Hao Jia separates the proactive reclaim statistics from the direct reclaim statistics. - The series "mm/vmscan: don't try to reclaim hwpoison folio" from Jinjiang Tu fixes our handling of hwpoisoned pages within the reclaim code. * tag 'mm-stable-2025-03-30-16-52' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (431 commits) mm/page_alloc: remove unnecessary __maybe_unused in order_to_pindex() x86/mm: restore early initialization of high_memory for 32-bits mm/vmscan: don't try to reclaim hwpoison folio mm/hwpoison: introduce folio_contain_hwpoisoned_page() helper cgroup: docs: add pswpin and pswpout items in cgroup v2 doc mm: vmscan: split proactive reclaim statistics from direct reclaim statistics selftests/mm: speed up split_huge_page_test selftests/mm: uffd-unit-tests support for hugepages > 2M docs/mm/damon/design: document active DAMOS filter type mm/damon: implement a new DAMOS filter type for active pages fs/dax: don't disassociate zero page entries MM documentation: add "Unaccepted" meminfo entry selftests/mm: add commentary about 9pfs bugs fork: use __vmalloc_node() for stack allocation docs/mm: Physical Memory: Populate the "Zones" section xen: balloon: update the NR_BALLOON_PAGES state hv_balloon: update the NR_BALLOON_PAGES state balloon_compaction: update the NR_BALLOON_PAGES state meminfo: add a per node counter for balloon drivers mm: remove references to folio in __memcg_kmem_uncharge_page() ...

mm, swap: simplify folio swap allocation

2025-03-17T05:06:44Z

With slot cache gone, clean up the allocation helpers even more. folio_alloc_swap will be the only entry for allocation and adding the folio to swap cache (except suspend), making it opposite of folio_free_swap. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250313165935.63303-8-ryncsn@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Kairui Song Cc: Baolin Wang Cc: Baoquan He Cc: Barry Song Cc: Chris Li Cc: "Huang, Ying" Cc: Hugh Dickins Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Kalesh Singh Cc: Matthew Wilcow (Oracle) Cc: Nhat Pham Cc: Yosry Ahmed Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

mm, swap: remove swap slot cache

2025-03-17T05:06:43Z

Slot cache is no longer needed now, removing it and all related code. - vm-scalability with: `usemem --init-time -O -y -x -R -31 1G`, 12G memory cgroup using simulated pmem as SWAP (32G pmem, 32 CPUs), 16 test runs for each case, measuring the total throughput: Before (KB/s) (stdev) After (KB/s) (stdev) Random (4K): 424907.60 (24410.78) 414745.92 (34554.78) Random (64K): 163308.82 (11635.72) 167314.50 (18434.99) Sequential (4K, !-R): 6150056.79 (103205.90) 6321469.06 (115878.16) The performance changes are below noise level. - Build linux kernel with make -j96, using 4K folio with 1.5G memory cgroup limit and 64K folio with 2G memory cgroup limit, on top of tmpfs, 12 test runs, measuring the system time: Before (s) (stdev) After (s) (stdev) make -j96 (4K): 6445.69 (61.95) 6408.80 (69.46) make -j96 (64K): 6841.71 (409.04) 6437.99 (435.55) Similar to above, 64k mTHP case showed a slight improvement. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250313165935.63303-7-ryncsn@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Kairui Song Reviewed-by: Baoquan He Cc: Baolin Wang Cc: Barry Song Cc: Chris Li Cc: "Huang, Ying" Cc: Hugh Dickins Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Kalesh Singh Cc: Matthew Wilcow (Oracle) Cc: Nhat Pham Cc: Yosry Ahmed Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

mm, swap: use percpu cluster as allocation fast path

2025-03-17T05:06:43Z

Current allocation workflow first traverses the plist with a global lock held, after choosing a device, it uses the percpu cluster on that swap device. This commit moves the percpu cluster variable out of being tied to individual swap devices, making it a global percpu variable, and will be used directly for allocation as a fast path. The global percpu cluster variable will never point to a HDD device, and allocations on a HDD device are still globally serialized. This improves the allocator performance and prepares for removal of the slot cache in later commits. There shouldn't be much observable behavior change, except one thing: this changes how swap device allocation rotation works. Currently, each allocation will rotate the plist, and because of the existence of slot cache (one order 0 allocation usually returns 64 entries), swap devices of the same priority are rotated for every 64 order 0 entries consumed. High order allocations are different, they will bypass the slot cache, and so swap device is rotated for every 16K, 32K, or up to 2M allocation. The rotation rule was never clearly defined or documented, it was changed several times without mentioning. After this commit, and once slot cache is gone in later commits, swap device rotation will happen for every consumed cluster. Ideally non-HDD devices will be rotated if 2M space has been consumed for each order. Fragmented clusters will rotate the device faster, which seems OK. HDD devices is rotated for every allocation regardless of the allocation order, which should be OK too and trivial. This commit also slightly changes allocation behaviour for slot cache. The new added cluster allocation fast path may allocate entries from different device to the slot cache, this is not observable from user space, only impact performance very slightly, and slot cache will be just gone in next commit, so this can be ignored. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250313165935.63303-6-ryncsn@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Kairui Song Cc: Baolin Wang Cc: Baoquan He Cc: Barry Song Cc: Chris Li Cc: "Huang, Ying" Cc: Hugh Dickins Cc: Johannes Weiner Cc: Kalesh Singh Cc: Matthew Wilcow (Oracle) Cc: Nhat Pham Cc: Yosry Ahmed Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

mm/swap: rename swap_swapcount() to swap_entry_swapped()

2025-03-17T05:06:07Z

The new function name can reflect the real behaviour of the function more clearly and more accurately. And the renaming avoids the confusion between swap_swapcount() and swp_swapcount(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250205092721.9395-11-bhe@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Baoquan He Cc: Chris Li Cc: Kairui Song Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

mm/swap: remove SWAP_FLAG_PRIO_SHIFT

2025-03-17T05:06:05Z

It doesn't make sense to have a zero value of shift. Remove it to avoid confusion. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250205092721.9395-4-bhe@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Baoquan He Cc: Chris Li Cc: Kairui Song Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

mm: use single SWP_DEVICE_EXCLUSIVE entry type

2025-03-17T05:05:58Z

There is no need for the distinction anymore; let's merge the readable and writable device-exclusive entries into a single device-exclusive entry type. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250210193801.781278-7-david@redhat.com Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand Acked-by: Simona Vetter Reviewed-by: Alistair Popple Tested-by: Alistair Popple Cc: Alex Shi Cc: Danilo Krummrich Cc: Dave Airlie Cc: Jann Horn Cc: Jason Gunthorpe Cc: Jerome Glisse Cc: John Hubbard Cc: Jonathan Corbet Cc: Karol Herbst Cc: Liam Howlett Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes Cc: Lyude Cc: "Masami Hiramatsu (Google)" Cc: Oleg Nesterov Cc: Pasha Tatashin Cc: Peter Xu Cc: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) Cc: SeongJae Park Cc: Vlastimil Babka Cc: Yanteng Si Cc: Barry Song Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton